The degree of the contrast correlated fairly highly with the closure duration ratio of geminates to singletons. cues, closure duration (CD) and voice onset time (VOT) were measured. The accent ratings suggest that the contrast made by the immersion children was not native-like despite some individual differences in their performance and that there was no statistical difference in accent ratings across the grade levels. The quality of the onset of the post-stop vowel was also noted, since creak has sometimes been reported to occur after ejectives in other languages. Additionally, 52 native speakers of Japanese rated the contrast between the two stops produced by all of the bilingual children and a subset of the monolingual children. PCQuirer program, durations of the closure period and of VOT were measured for each token. These findings support the idea that the four. In addition, fundamental frequency is lower after voiced than after voiceless stops, and even lower after breathy voiced stops than after their plain voiced counterpart.
![onset stop closure durations onset stop closure durations](https://i1.rgstatic.net/publication/7913374_The_Stop_Voicing_Contrast_in_French_Sentences_Contextual_Sensitivity_of_Vowel_Duration_Closure_Duration_Voice_Onset_Time_Stop_Release_and_Closure_Voicing/links/0deec519174e59e298000000/largepreview.png)
This finding supports Flege's (1995) hypothesis that a phonetic category established for second language sounds by a bilingual might differ from that of a monolingual. during the stop closure (Voice Lead Time, or VLT) is consistently shorter for breathy voiced stops than for plain voiced stops. The ratios that resulted from the learn-ers performance were pp/p 2.08, tt/t 1.66, and kk/k 1.91 (as calculated by the current researcher). We did not measure voicing during stop closure as this can take a variety of context-. AND AFFRICATES: Mean closure durations of the stops and the affricate are shown in Figure 1, separately for the two stress conditions. Results show that both their singletons and geminates were significantly longer than those of Japanese monolinguals and the bilinguals' immersion teachers, but all of the immersion groups have acquired the contrast between the two types of stop. average voice onset time (VOT) of a voiceless aspirated stop such. The results suggest different mechanisms by which closure voicing is maintained in these two dialects, pointing to active articulatory maneuvers in North Carolina speakers and passive in Wisconsin speakers.This study acoustically analyzed the production of single and geminate stops in Japanese by English-speaking children (N = 19) at three different grade levels in a Japanese immersion program. For North Carolina speakers, the degree of word emphasis did not have an effect on the proportion of closure voicing. For Wisconsin speakers, the proportion of closure voicing was smallest when the word was emphasized and it was greatest in non-emphatic positions. Further dialectal differences included the proportion of closure voicing as a function of word emphasis. These results show voicing during the closure for voiced stops and some aspiration for voiceless stops, with the same patterns found for bilingual speakers (in. The target stop consonants /b, p, d, k/ occurred in stressed CV syllables in polysyllabic words embedded in. The Wisconsin stop closures were usually not fully voiced and terminated in a complete silence followed by a closure release whereas North Carolina speakers produced mostly fully voiced closures. identifying stop consonants: 1) Duration of the closue 2) Presence of the voicing during the closure phase 3) Voice onset time 4) Duration of the noise bĀ·urst 5) The perturbation on the following vowels The closure durations of voiceless stop. voice onset time (VOT) and closure duration (CD). Significant dialectal differences were found in the voicing patterns. Twenty women participated, ten representing the Wisconsin and ten the North Carolina variety, respectively. The criteria used to annotate the onset of stop closure was: The instant in time when the ripple observed on oral airflow waveform (corresponding to formant oscilla- tions mainly at F1) is no longer visible and a small amp- litude of periodic EGG signal is produced with no contact between the vocal folds as they are still vibrating apart.
![onset stop closure durations onset stop closure durations](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/spectrograms-161222181059/95/spectrograms-15-638.jpg)
![onset stop closure durations onset stop closure durations](https://i.stack.imgur.com/PLPdO.png)
The hypotheses were that PWS should differ from fluent persons (FP) in VOT duration and F2 onset frequency as a result of the transition deficit for environments with complex phonetic features such as Arabic emphatics. The stop / b/ occurred at the juncture of two words such as small bids, in a position between two voiced sonorants, i.e. Using this framework, the current study examined the acoustic productions of two fine-grained phonetic features: voice onset time (VOT) and second formant (F2). In order to characterize stop consonants, some researchers have been interested to voice onset time (VOT), 2, 3. This study is an acoustic investigation of the nature and extent of consonant voicing of the stop / b/ in two dialectal varieties of American English spoken in south-central Wisconsin and western North Carolina.